It is the invisible side life that is really responsible for making our daily lives possible. From the tubes that carry water to your home to the ones supply your cars with gasoline, the metal tube is a major function in all of our lives. Without the ability to shape and bend these steel tubes much of what we take for granted would not even be possible.

You would be amazed at how flexible they are. In fact, check the underside of your car and you will see the results of bend tubing on a smaller scale than, say, a cross-country pipeline.

The 7 ways to bend steel tubes are:

1) Bending Springs
The bending springs process is only used for smaller diameter tubes made from copper. In this process a strong flexible spring is inserted into the tube for added support during the bend. This will minimize the amount of distortion that occurs at the bend point.

2) Sand Bending
In order to create a bend with the sand packing process the tube is completely filled with sand and the ends are sealed off. Next the tube is heated to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, placed on a slab and set with pins. The actual force to create the bend comes from a winch and the sand helps to minimize the distortion of the tube.

3) Press Bending
Press bending is the first bending process that is used on cold metal tubes. In this process a die that is in the shape of the bend that is required is pressed against the tube with extreme pressure forcing the tube to conform to the shape of the die. In this process the tube does not have any internal support so there will be a significant amount of deformation.

4) Roll Bending
Roll benders are used in a series where the tube is passed under a number of rollers that apply pressure to the tube to gradually change the shape and form the required bend. There are two different types of roll benders, which are the pyramid style and the double pinch style.

5) Heat-induction Bending
With heat-induction bending a small coil is placed around the area of the tube that requires the bend. This area is then heated up to 800 to 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit and while the tube is still hot pressure is applied to bend it into the desired shape.

6) Mandrel Bending
With mandrel bending a steel rod is placed inside the metal tube to give the tube extra support, which will help minimize the distortion during the bending process. There are for types of mandrel bends and they are: Plug mandrel, Form mandrel, Ball mandrel without a cable and Ball mandrel with a cable.

7) Rotary Draw Bending
Rotary draw bending machines are the most popular type of machines when it comes to bending metal tubes for such things as handrails, furniture frames and roll cages for vehicles.

These are just seven of the techniques for steel tube bending. Many more have been tried over the years; these remain. Without these 7 popular types of tube bending there are many things in our life that would not be possible. From construction materials that are used to build our cities infrastructures to the industrial materials that supply us with automobiles, furniture, and even help to deliver us food and water.

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The manufacturing process for screen printed pvc welded tax disc holders is essentially a relatively simple one. There are different methods of production but in this article I will cover the most common one.
The procedure begins with the basic substrates. There are two primary elements required – flexible pvc (generally 350 micron thickness) and clear self adhesive vinyl with preferably a permanent adhesive. The flexible pvc is supplied on rolls 1350mm in width which has to be slit and sheeted. The self adhesive vinyl is supplied as flat sheet in a sheet size of 1000mm x 700mm. Each of these substrates is cut to the same finished size. This is now the stage at which screen printed begins. There are two options available. Firstly the flexible pvc can be silk screen printed on both sides. The second option is to screen print the pvc on one side and then screen print the self adhesive vinyl with a reverse image.

We now have the constituent components in advance of the manufacture of the screen printed but before we can proceed to that stage we have one more operation to perform. In order to insert the tax disc into the finished holder a slit needs to be cut into the flexible pvc. This operation is best performed using a cutting forme and a rise and fall platen. Now we are ready to start the final manufacturing process. Required to do this is a high frequency welding machine and a high frequency welding tool. The welding tool is made out of brass rule and aluminium plate. The brass rule is shaped to the finished size of the tax disc holders and can either be set in wood or directly fixed to the aluminium. The welding tool will contain multiple images of the same shape of the silk screen printed so as to make the welding process quicker and more efficient.

Similarly the pvc and self adhesive vinyl previously mentioned will have been screen printed with the same number of multiple images placed in the same position as they appear on the welding tool. The welding tool is fixed to an aluminium back plate and screwed into position on the rise and fall head of the welding machine. Firstly the self adhesive vinyl is positioned onto a shuttle bed and the screen printed flexible pvc placed accurately on top of it , carefully setting into place in pre-positioned stops. The shuttle bed is then moved into place underneath the welding head. The welding head is then activated. It moves down until the brass welding rule which is now extremely hot contacts with the pvc. It remains inplace for a few seconds and then returns to its starting position. The pvc and vinyl have now been fused together. The welding procedure effectively deforming both to form a seal. This is repeated until the whole of the batch of material has been welding. All that remains now is to trim the finished welded sheets into single items and strip off the outer pvc to leave the finished tax disc holders.

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After the silk screen has been used to print a particular article the following equipment are needed to clean the screen to be ready for the next screen printing project.
1. Wash out booth
2. A high pressure water jet gun
3. Screen wash
4. Thinners
5. Screen decoating agent
6. Alkaline cleaning paste
7. Anti stain gel
8. Hard hand brush
9. Soft hand brush
10. Gloves – preferably polythene
11. Goggles

To start the process of cleaning your silk screen which has already been used to produce a previously screen printed job, place the screen in the washout booth with the print side of the silk screen facing you. At this stage you need to wear your polythene gloves and keep them on throughout the whole process so as not to irritate your hands. Goggles should also be worn in case of splash backs. You now clean the screen with thinners to eliminate any ink which has been left on the screen after the job has been finished. Turn the screen around so that the underside of the screen is facing you. Again wash the image which has been printed with screen wash .

It’s now time to use the high pressure water gun!! Hold the jet gun approximately one metre away from the screen and then blast the screen all over with water. Make sure that you blast the filler out that is around the sides of the screen, and then turn the screen around again. Blast with water making sure that the entire ink residue has gone. The residue and the water should go into a tank where it is treated and not straight into the local drainage system.

You now need your screen decoating agent. This should be placed in a safe receptacle and diluted with water (100gms makes 5/10 litres). Use your soft hand brush and dip into your solution. Using a circular motion apply to the print side of the screen to the photo chemical emulsion. You should see the emulsion change colour. Turn the screen around, and then use the process again. With the underside of the screen facing yourself use the jet gun and blast with water. Start at the bottom using a sideways movement, work your way towards the top. Make sure that the screen is clean from emulsion. You should now be left with a ghost image of what you have screen printed on the mesh of the screen.. The next step is to wash the under side of the screen with thinners. Use a rag to wash the whole of the screen and not just the ghost image. Turn the screen around and repeat this process again.

Hopefully now the ghost image will start to disappear. Then apply the alkaline stain gel to the screen, this time using a hard hand brush again using a circular motion. Turn the screen and repeat the process. It is now time blast the screen with water. The screen should then be clean to the eye. If the ghost image is still there then apply anti – stain gel to both sides of the screen and leave for ten minutes. After the time has elapsed blast the screen again with water. This now should have removed the ghost image. Place the screen in a drying cabinet, turning from time to time to make sure the screen is dry on both sides. The screen is now ready to use again and can now be coated with emulsion in anticipation of the next job . See my next article – The enjoyment of coating silk screens with emulsion for the screen print industry.

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Van leasing is looked at by many small businesses as an ideal way of securing a new vehicle at very attractive monthly rates. However, it is essential that a van leasing contract is entered into with eyes wide open, as there can be many pitfalls to guard against. One way to help avoid many of these problems is to choose a reputable leasing company with a proven track record in providing reliable customer advice.

An example of one of the problems faced by a business when taking out a van lease is the unwelcome consequences of an insurance write-off as a result of an accident, or loss of a vehicle through theft. In such situations a leasing company may well require an early termination fee but standard vehicle insurance will not usually cover this. A reputable van leasing company, however, will make their business customer aware of this risk and will usually offer a form of ‘gap insurance’ at reasonable rates, designed to cover any costs not covered by standard insurance.

Poor advice on van leasing can also lead to a business being saddled with a lease for far longer than is in their interests; leading, for example, to expensive long-term maintenance and repair charges. Other poorly planned van leasing arrangements have promised eventual ownership of a vehicle for a business without making it completely aware that lower monthly payments may have to be compensated for by an excessive final payment. The world of vehicle design and technology is a fast-moving one. A business that is unable to change its vehicles periodically may be missing out on the advantages enjoyed by its more adaptable rivals. Vehicle leasing can provide a simple and cost-effective solution to this.

Vehicle leasing is based on the principle of making regular monthly payments to a leasing company in return for the right to enjoy exclusive use of a car or van. The monthly payments required are fairly modest as they largely cover the total depreciation of the vehicle during the lease period rather than its total value. At the end of the lease period the vehicle can usually be taken back by the vehicle leasing company with no further financial obligations on the part of the business. The business then has the option of being able to start afresh with a further lease agreement on a new model. The beauty of vehicle leasing is that the business has complete say over which make and model of car or van it would like to use and is as a result able to take advantage of any new design or technical features on the market. This has been a boon to businesses that might, say, wish to keep an eye out for the latest incentives on the use of alternative ‘green’ fuels in their vehicles; or whose vehicles’ specifications may be crucial for customer retention, as in the case of driving schools.

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A general business buyer wants to know many things from a business seller.A business seller should be prepared to share and be up front with information about the business that is for sale. A business seller should be well prepared to sell their business as they would sell a piece of real estate. Determine your asking price and and be prepared to negotiate if needed. Tom Giampapa of Business for sale.com says when it is time to sell your business then be sure you have a list of all the Features, Advantages and Benefits, “FAB’s” Of The Business.Sell your business Features. Explain the Advantages of those Features.Make sure the buyer understands the Benefits of the Features. Tell what your business does Tell what your business does well. Tell what your business does to save money. How long has your business been up and running? Have customer and visitor traffic count, client information ready. Have documented gross revenue for past and explanation for future forecast revenue.Show justification on how you arrived at the asking sale price. Advertising your business for sale is important. There are many avenues to choose from. Print, Web sites, Brokers etc.

Make sure you track your inquires and follow up on all of them as soon as possible. Prospective buyers are usually very active and appreciate promt response.If you are ready to sell your business, you must develop a selling strategy. Have you informed your lawyer and accountant about your decision. Are you prepared to “carry paper” or provide financing for a percentage of the selling price. This will help support the closing of the sale of your business. Be prepared to have your attorney involved in drafting the documents needed such as The Letter Of Intent and The Purchase and Sale Agreement.

Everything should move along smoothly if all the preparation has been done properly. Mr. Giampapa at Bizlinkin.com thinks the seller is relieved that the sale is completed and the buyers are excited to sink their teeth into a new and exciting business.

Remember, selling a business is never easy. It takes a lot of time and energy to make a decision on selling or not selling your business. Once the decision is made to sell, all of the above is very important to make sure you complete your commitment in a satisfactory way. Mr. Giampapa at Buy sell business.com mentions that a lot of sellers for whatever reason move on to a new life.Some retire, some go into a new and different business and some relocate to a new location for personal reasons There are many good reasons for selling your business not to mention how many good buyers would rather buy a business than start a new one from scratch.

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